HP Innovation Journal Issue 14: Spring 2020 | Page 57

Contrary to science-fiction visions of the 21st century, the skies over today’s cities aren’t abuzz with flying cars. This may not be a bad thing, considering that nearly 70% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050—it would be an air traffic control nightmare, to say the least. Currently, there are 33 megacities in the world—cities with populations of 10 million or more. By 2030, six more cities are expected to achieve that status. As urban centers become more dense, the threat of pollution increases, particularly in places where poor air quality is already affecting public health. Even in cities with well-developed public transportation networks, traffic congestion has increased or shown no signs of improving. McKinsey & Company reports that between 2010 and 2016, congestion rose by 30% in New York, 14% in London, and 9% in Paris. Nearly 75% of the cities included in the Traffic Index report by GPS developer TomTom had increased or stable congestion levels between 2017 and 2018. Out of all the car trips taken in the most congested urban areas in the US, nearly half are less than three miles. This has led to a new era of short-distance transportation, or “micromobility”—a proliferation of bicycle-sharing schemes, electric bikes, and scooters, as well as the rise (and sometimes fall) of new inventions such as electric skateboards, hoverboards, Segways, and even electric unicycles. “The reason electric micromobility has become more popular is convenience—particularly considering the traffic, parking charges, congestion charges, and the lack of parking spaces,” says Christopher Minasians, editor-in- chief of WhichEV, a website focused on news and reviews related to electric vehicles. New innovations in micromobility could also make the vehicles far more sustainable than cars, meeting consumer demand for convenience and sustainability. “Consumers are definitely looking for more sustainable solutions,” says Camille Caron, Director of Education and Sustainability for 3D Print at HP. She says consumers’ growing desire for transparency and responsible sourcing has led to a focus on sustainable materials and manufacturing, including the use of 3D printing to reduce waste and increase efficiency in the production of vehicles. Volkswagen, for example, the world’s largest auto group, is integrating HP Metal Jet parts into its designs. The micromobility industry is following suit. For example, Scouter Mobility, a startup in Finland, uses HP’s Jet Fusion 3D printing technology to create a new kind of vehicle fueled by electricity and human pedal power, designed as a cleaner alternative to cars for short distances. “We are looking for zero emissions and very long life cycles,” says Petri Pitkänen, Scouter Mobility’s CEO. THE RISE OF ELECTRIC MICROMOBILITY In the US, the EU, and China, the micromobility market is estimated to be worth a combined $300 billion to $500 billion by 2030. Already, $5.7 billion has been invested in micromobility startups since 2015. Uber and Lyft, companies that have made their fortunes through the use of cars, are now also headed for this market. “A lot of car manufacturers are now developing e-motorbikes, or very small pod-shaped vehicles,” explains Minasians. “Initially, they were seen as uncool in the industry, but they’ve become a lot chicer and more stylish, and you can get 60-odd miles on a single charge.” A surge of innovation has led to new forms of electric vehicles that could make micromobility more appealing to the car-loving public, including Seat’s electric four- wheeled, two-seater Minimó, marketed as “the best of a car and a motorcycle.” With a rounded, pod-like roof and asymmetrical doors that slide up rather than open to the side, the Minimó is nimble and narrow, with a driver’s seat at the front and a passenger seat at the back. 55